Similar to that of Indigenous populations internationally [ 7], dispossession of Australia's Indigenous peoples has contributed to endemic disadvantage [ 3, 8] and poor nutrition [ 3, 9].
The company's decision to use certain exams to determine promotions contributed to the unjust disadvantages suffered by blacks from structural and direct discrimination.
This greater risk of alcohol-related problems is common to indigenous peoples around the world, and is contributed to by social disadvantage, reduced sense of belonging, reduced control over life, and repeated experiences of loss, such as in early deaths, imprisonment of relatives or separation of children from families [ 26, 27].
Demographic and health systems development may have contributed to the urban immunization disadvantage in Ghana.
Thus, the growing number of underserved children in slum and informal settlements in urban areas in Ghana have contributed to the observed urban disadvantage in the coverage of child immunizations.
Tackling this shopping list of rights would go to the heart of the disadvantage that contributed to the millions of protest votes on 23 June.
7 Poorer access to specialised clinical cardiovascular care and economic disadvantage have contributed to these trends.
Conversely, the fact that social arrangements do not cause or contribute to a disadvantage does not insulate it from claims of justice – the failure to alleviate that disadvantage may be unjust on plausible accounts of justice.
The neighbourhood socioeconomic context is thought to contribute to the disadvantage of individuals through material, psychological, physical and social mechanisms [ 4, 32, 33].
Both approaches have contributed to the discovery of new drugs despite suffering from substantial disadvantages of high cost and time.
