Rather, our findings suggest a cooperative effect among multiple elements contribute to termination, with efficiency mediated by redundancy.
Thus, induction of Erk2 by phosphorylation would contribute to termination of BMP signals [ 44, 45].
Existing evidence would suggest that muscle activity does not contribute to termination of the straight leg raise.
Overall polymerization rate and/or pausing are thought to contribute to termination by several mechanisms, some of which could be envisioned also to influence the efficiency of poly(A) site recognition and RNA cleavage.
Glucocorticoids are thought to contribute to termination of the initial stress response (Keller-Wood and Dallman 1984) and to participate in long-term restoration of homeostasis triggered by the initial response (Munck et al. 1984).
The high-temperature area around the magma chamber of Mt. Aso may have contributed to termination of the rupture (Yagi et al. 2016) and high b-values (e.g., Roberts et al. 2015).
The 'torpedo' model of transcription termination, predicts that an exonuclease or helicase enters the nascent transcript at the poly(A) cleavage point and contributes to termination [9].
In order to determine to what degree Xrn2 contributed to termination in our system, we used shRNA to knock down Xrn2 and evaluated the effects in our cell lines.
Based on crosslinking experiments, Rpc37/53 associates with the lobe and external 2 domains of Ret1 (Wu et al. 2011) and contributes to termination (Landrieux et al. 2006).
The high degree of sequence and structural conservation of these active site residues suggest that they have a common function in all RNAPs and may contribute to the termination defects in similar ways, despite the different mechanisms of termination used in the three systems.
Sequence features within intrinsic terminators have been studied in different organisms resulting in models for how these motifs contribute to overall termination efficiency, and have been used to develop computational methods to identify terminator elements within genome sequences [ 2- 4].
