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It may also contribute to protective mechanisms initiated under conditions of oxidative-radical burden [18].
Although several recombinant Env antigens have been evaluated in clinical trials, only the surface glycoprotein, gp120, (from HIV-1 subtype B, MN, and subtype CRF_01AE, A244) used in the ALVAC prime-AIDSVAX gp120 boost RV144 Phase III HIV vaccine trial was shown to contribute to protective efficacy, although modest and short-lived.
Antibodies against the same subtype of NA, but not the exact NA molecule, can contribute to protective immune responses [39].
These data confirm that vaccine-induced humoral and CD4+T cell responses contribute to protective immunity against WNV challenge infection.
In mice, CTLs against conserved epitopes contribute to protective immunity against influenza viruses of various subtypes [6], [7].
Overall, these results indicate that VLP vaccination can confer effective recall immune responses, which are likely to contribute to protective immunity.
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Vaccine-elicited humoral immune responses comprise an array of antibody forms and specificities, with only a fraction contributing to protective host immunity.
Greater understanding of how each subset contributes to protective immunity and how T-cell memory is maintained and recalled in a secondary infection would contribute to development of effective vaccines that use these basic features of the immune response.
In abdominal aortic SMC, E2 promoted expression of α- and β-actin, TGF-β, and stimulated wound healing, potential beneficial mechanisms contributing to protective effects of exogenous E2 to blunt AAA progression.
Specifically, we found that stress (radiation, anticancer drugs -induced increases in INPP4B expression contributedrugs -inducede role on apoptotincreaseseath in laryngeal HEp-2 cancer cells as well as A549 and H1299 lung cancer cells.
How do they contribute to the protective embrace between these two molecules?
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