Smoothened expression is essential for Hedgehog signaling [ 23], and three Hedgehog target genes, GLI2 [ 24], HIP [ 25], and Wnt5A [ 26], were upregulated, suggesting that Hedgehog pathways are activated by SV40 ST and that they contribute to activation of Wnt signaling.
The presence within effectors of short amino acid motifs that are known to stimulate caspase-3 activation, such as the RGD motif, may also contribute to activation, and indeed, an evolutionary conservation of a prokaryotic caspase-3 activity has also been described, which could play a role (Buckley et al., 1999; Bidle et al., 2010).
In conclusion, we propose that Ninj1 may contribute to activation of macrophages by enhancing interaction with AECs having elevated Ninj1 expression due to injury-inducing stimuli.
Furthermore, tmem33-mediated endothelial Ca2+ oscillations are critical for formation of endothelial filopodia and contribute to activation of ERK and induction of Notch signalling to co-ordinate vascular morphogenesis.
In overwhelming sepsis, platelets contribute to activation of the procoagulant cascade and ensuing complications linked to microvascular thrombosis and subsequent organ dysfunction [16].
Given the known genetic influence on Aβ accumulation, genetic factors may contribute to activation of the innate immune system by regulating Aβ production and clearance.
Depolarization of neurons to membrane potentials above −50 mV in eA5-treated neurons and HDC is significant because it may contribute to activation of VSCC, which is an essential step in our pathway (see Discussion).
Microglial cells near Ccr2RFP/RFPCx3cr1GFP/+ lesions displayed a less activated morphology than microglia in Ccr2RFP/+Cx3cr1GFP/+ lesions (Figure 5E and 5F), suggesting that monocytic cells in particular contribute to activation of resident microglia.
A theoretical study was recently published [38], where molecular dynamics simulations indicated that F595 might be responsible for maintaining wild-type JAK2 inactive and, as a consequence, its possible interaction with F617 could alleviate this inhibition and contribute to activation.
