Moreover, IECs actively contribute to pathogenic bacteria clearance and to gut homeostasis toward the commensal bacteria, due to the surface expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domains (NODs) [4].
The advance, reported in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences PNASS) journal, for the first time allows scientists to analyze how normal gut microbes and pathogenic bacteria contribute to immune responses, and to investigate IBD mechanisms in a controlled model that recapitulates human intestinal physiology.
Various studies have addressed the hypothesis that pathogenic bacteria contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease [4], [5], [6], [7], [8].
By contrast, chromosomally encoded ϵ/ζ systems were reported to contribute to virulence of pathogenic bacteria.
LanL enzymes in pathogenic bacteria contribute to virulence by modifying the host signaling pathways, in most cases by inactivating MAPKs [ 95].
There is increasing evidence that NAT enzymes could contribute to antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Her current research focuses on the structure and function of proteins that contribute to antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria.
Other species such as Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus salivarius are commonly found in healthy periodontal individuals and the latter is related to mucosal surfaces; besides it can contribute to the coaggregation of pathogenic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Here we show that MAX2 contributes to plant resistance against pathogenic bacteria.
A multitude of studies have demonstrated that the gut is a reservoir for pathogenic bacteria, which may contribute to increased susceptibility to infections following traumatic injury (Deitch 1990).
