Contrary to inferences based on the sequences of the four nuclear genes, the cyt b haplotypes sampled in M. glareolus did not form a monophyletic clade, and was instead split into two clades, only partially overlapping with species assignment.
On the contrary, in Bayesian inference we can calculate final probabilities of the hypothesis and probabilities that the effect has a certain size (Lindley, 1993).
These patterns that we accept as guides we come to think of as laws: a law is a regularity that we accept for purposes of prediction and contrary-to-fact inference.
Contrary to previous inferences (Ristaino et al., 2001; May and Ristaino, 2004), the 19th century strains are closely related to the modern US-1 lineage, but are characterized by a single, distinct mtDNA haplotype, HERB-1.
From these assumptions, it was a short step to the inference, precisely contrary to what Darwin had posited of animals, that human beings were driven exclusively by ruthless self-interest, moderated in the case of females by maternal dispositions and perhaps by paternal concern in the case of males.
Finally, contrary to modern phylogenetic inference, the supertree approach lacks any statistical model of evolutionary change, although supertree methods still infer the 'true' relationships very well.
Contrary to our previous inference, making a vertical cut distal to the third molar may decrease the incidence of direct injury to the IAN.
The investigation, he said, "does not speak to the merits of this matter, and any inference to the contrary is false".
Contrary to other genome tree inference methods, our aim is to improve performance for a group of genomes defined by a common factor, such as genome-wide GC-content or habitat, and not to reconstruct the entire tree of life.
The problem is that SOL, contrary to FOL, lacks a complete inference procedure: the price one pays for the greater expressive power of SOL is that there are no complete axiomatizations, as we have for FOL.
