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Tells about the various contradictory estimates of the rate of ozone depletion in the atomosphere, as estimated by the National Academy of Sciences & other research groups.
A survey focusing on econometric studies in this area reveals a plethora of sometimes confusing and frequently contradictory estimates of the response of company-financed R&D to changes in the level and nature of this category of public expenditures.
The report, those who have read it say, included separate and contradictory estimates from the C.I.A., the Pentagon, the State Department, and the Department of Energy regarding the number of warheads that North Korea might have been capable of making, and provided no consensus on whether or not the Pyongyang regime is actually producing them.
Dueling studies have published varied and sometimes contradictory estimates of the total emissions associated with natural-gas production, but the contributing factors include the energy used in the extraction process and the fact that methane an extremely potent greenhouse gas is released during drilling and leaks from pipelines during transport.
In other words, climate deniers and those who argue against action say that the cure (reducing emissions) is worse that the disease (the impacts of climate change), when we have contradictory estimates of the costs of the cure and no comprehensive estimate of the costs of the disease.
47 These analyses facilitate the identification of early extreme contradictory estimates in genetic associations and of potential time lag bias resulting from a more rapid publication of studies with significant results compared with studies with non-significant results.
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These contradictory date estimates highlight another potential bias introduced by recombination to the full genome datasets.
Nevertheless, the sign and the level of significance of the exchange rates coefficients are contradictory in the estimated models.
Replication studies will be classified as contradictory if the estimate of the treatment effect changes direction (eg, beneficial to harmful).
External validation for the applied models can also provide useful information since there are cases where the data can be fitted by a variety of models (that consider a threshold or not) and all of them may fit well yielding however discrepant estimates or contradictory conclusions [ 1, 18].
However, tide gauges are sparse, of questionable quality, and occasionally contradictory in their sea-level estimates.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com