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One network was even dominantly governed through hierarchy, and three others by a combination of hierarchical and contractual governance in the absence of relational governance.
We thus establish a logical continuum between contractual governance mechanisms and institutions.
A further analysis of the moderation effect of governance mechanisms indicated that firm performance with contractual governance yields better transaction cost advantage and that supply chain collaboration with contractual governance results in better transaction cost advantage than with relational governance.
This novel practice of contractual governance may be viewed as having considerable potential but it also raises important issues concerning justice and rights.
The development of the contractual governance of drug users in treatment is located in the wider context of emerging social control strategies and practices.
Managers are also advised to identify contexts in which either a contractual governance or a relational governance can be best utilized.
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Our results highlight a class of non-contractual, governance mechanisms that borrowers can use to reduce the agency cost of debt.
Furthermore, multivariate findings on the roles of transaction-specific investment, relational capital, search costs, and so forth demonstrate that firms' contractual and governance choices have distinct antecedents.
The philosophy of integrated managerial system for reservoir in long term, improved policy structuring and coordination between Iranian ministries, solutions for contractual defects, governance structure for higher efficiency, and specific technical details are recommended.
Governance mechanisms in health care networks are, therefore, based on hierarchical, contractual, or relational governance, or a combination of these three.
Contractual or hierarchical governance was not particularly used to compensate for low relational governance or, for instance, for low levels of trust.
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