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Throughout the 19th century it played a key role in protecting property rights and contractual expectations.
Contract's forward-looking obligations to vindicate contractual expectations rather than just rectify reliance-based losses are less distinctive than they might appear.
Similarly, a promisee confronted with breach must take all reasonable steps to protect her contractual expectations herself or risk being denied her full expectation remedy, under the doctrine that requires victims of breach to mitigate their damages.
And there even exist cases in which courts have refused to vindicate contractual expectations that could not be recast as reliance losses in respect of forgone opportunities, including by reading a reliance requirement into the conditions for establishing certain contractual commitments (see, e.g., Overstreet v. Norden Laboratories 1982).
Contract law by contrast differs in each of these respects, and the harm-based view, as Scanlon recognizes, must explain why contract requires promisors to satisfy their promisees' expectations rather than merely to compensate disappointed promisees for lost reliance and why contract remedies vindicate contractual expectations rather than merely reimbursing lost reliance.
And similarly, with respect to the legal enforcement of promisees' expectations, Scanlon argues that the benefits of legal enforcement are substantial,[16] while the costs of enforceability are much less weighty.[17] Scanlon therefore concludes, once again, that in light of this balance no person could reasonably reject a legal regime that enforces contractual expectations (Scanlon 2001).
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It has been familiar at least since Lon Fuller and William Perdue pointed it out that where markets are thick, so that a promisee's reliance on her promisor includes forsaking an effectively identically attractive offer from another promisor, then the promisee's reliance interest equals her valuation of performance—her contractual expectation (Fuller & Perdue 1936).
However, even if they do preach to the converted, Kingston believes converts can now increasingly "influence their supply chain, through contractual arrangements, expectations and scrutiny.
Different interpretation could denote a dispute regarding the contractual obligations and expectation between the contracting parties.
"In an intensive decision-making process over the past few weeks, justified public expectations and contractual conditions have been weighed up against each other," the company said.
We continually instruct our contractors and their subcontractors of our expectations and their contractual obligations to both us and individual employees.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com