Your English writing platform
Discover LudwigExact(3)
The financial component applies discounted cash flow analysis over the building lifespan, with discount rates reflecting contractual characteristics; the carbon component uses Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) 2005.
The actual construction time and cost of construction projects may be affected by the client, project and contractual characteristics and in many cases can be very different from the contract time and cost.
Using original survey data on Japanese small businesses, this paper analyses the impact of the organizational and contractual characteristics of cooperative R&D, such as membership structure, partner relationship, external support, and rules of cost and outcome sharing, on the probability of the technological and commercial success of the project.
Similar(57)
We tested and corroborated most propositions derived from transaction cost theory relating contractual incompleteness to transaction characteristics, even when we considered the complete set of the theory's propositions by endogeneizing the asset specificity at stake in transactions.
A wide literature has analyzed worker absenteeism in relation to individual characteristics and to contractual and institutional aspects (see, among others, Barmby et al. 1994; Johansson and Palme 1996, 2002; Ichino and Riphahn 2005).
In the questionnaires, Likert-scaled items measured the three governance mechanisms (relational governance, contractual governance, and hierarchical governance); four other network characteristics (trust, flexibility, internal and external legitimacy); and network effectiveness.
The description of partnering institution characteristics frames an emphasis on elements of the partnership proposal, contractual agreement, and partner responsibilities along with the logic model evaluation plan.
This combined economic/socio-legal theoretical perspective predicts that the quality of relationality, while a necessary precondition of the success of all contractual relations, may be difficult to achieve in market exchanges where the characteristics engendering high transactions costs pertain [ 32].
The characteristics of direct investment, original equipment manufacture, original design manufacture and contractual licensing are quite different.
Four doctor characteristics predicted colleague feedback: the region of primary medical qualification, clinical specialty, current contractual role, and locum status.
The key characteristics for each case study choice relate to reviewing the length of the contractual relationship between the DHOs and CHAM facilities and how the presence of competition might affect this interaction.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com