Operators typically rely on two or three main suppliers, and the lead contractor on one project may integrate equipment from others.
The procedures for screening contractors on projects financed by the city's Economic Development Corporation, as the stadium was, are less rigorous than for projects built and paid for by the city.
The problems also underscore the inadequacies in the process by which the city vets contractors on projects like the stadium, which was financed in significant part by the city but built by a private developer, Tishman-Speyer.
However, BIM use by mid-sized contractor firms (that is, firms with 50 500 employees that can successfully compete with larger contractors on projects costing a maximum of 50 million Euros) is relatively unknown.
The relative influence of donors and contractors on project activity can be appraised in terms of their level of involvement in project initiation.
Skanska was the general contractor on 10 projects, including the transit hub, and six other Metropolitan Transportation Authority projects for which the indictment said it hired Environmental Energy Associates to evade the minority requirements.
Boeing, the main contractor on the projects, has suspended work, with no resumption date set.
Eric Kogan, a contractor on several projects, said that he "feels so bad" that his former boss is in trouble.
He also suggested liability for the head contractor on building projects should be considered when companies they engage imported asbestos.
When I met him, he told me that he was earning a living as a contractor on construction projects.
