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We demonstrated the high temporal and spatial resolution of the AFM stiffness clamp using an expanding hydrogel and contracting cell, finding that the cell contraction rate reversibly changes nearly instantaneously with stiffness and does not depend on absolute force or cell height.
We also simulated a single contracting cell in different multicellular architectures and found that lumen filling led to a 20% increase in the "perceived stiffness" of a single contracting cell independent of any changes to matrix mechanics.
If the spring base is moved away from the cell as it contracts, the spring will appear stiffer to the contracting cell than it actually is (FIG. 2A).
At day 8, contracting cell colonies in fields of 3 independent samples were counted from the video record with Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, www.nih.gov).
By day 7, the CPCs underwent differentiation-commitment into cardiac cell lineages including cardiomyocytes as indicated by the initiation of Mhc6 expression along with the detection of spontaneously contracting cell clusters.
In embryonic P19 cells, OT-GKR induced contracting cell colonies and ventricular CM markers more potently than OT, an effect being suppressed by OT antagonists and OTR-specific small interfering (si) RNA.
Similar(47)
In Fraction-I some non-contracting cells were always noticed between the (in time in unison) contracting cells.
Under local anesthesia, the doctors removed a bit of muscle from his thigh, then grew it in the laboratory to create millions of contracting cells called skeletal myoblasts.
With the 2-D cultures contracting cells were present after 1 day, and reached confluency from day 5 on and this was maintained up to 135 days.
These spontaneously contracting cells are autonomously powered with glucose as an energy source without any external power supply or stimulus, unlike conventional micro-actuators/micro-pumps.
Although we detected Ca(2+) transient oscillations in the reprogrammed cells, we did not detect significant changes in resting membrane potential or spontaneously contracting cells.
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