As a result, we can talk about a continuum of sciences; at one extreme on the theoretical side is German science, or logicism, and at the other extreme on the experimental side is English science, or crude modelism.
The term "translational research" encompasses a huge swath of disciplines and much of the continuum between basic science and clinical application.
Indeed, a report by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine on strengthening science education through a teacher learning continuum (2015) concluded that the development of science teacher leaders can be an important mechanism to support ambitious science instruction.
One of them was Elihu Vedder, an American expatriate working in Rome, who found himself drawn to Khayyam's philosophy of life as a meaningless continuum that neither science nor religion could explain.
As creationism displays several facets, there is a continuum between these two extremes, depending on the degree of science acceptance (Scott 2009).
However with the introduction of new tools and technologies of the last decade, it is clear that human biology is amenable to rigorous inquiry and that we can expand career opportunities for our graduates by providing them with the skills and knowledge to encompass the continuum of basic, translational and clinical sciences.
Peirce held that the continuity of space, time, ideation, feeling, and perception is an irreducible deliverance of science, and that an adequate conception of such continua is an extremely important part of all the sciences.
Of course, in the final analysis, as noted by Truesdell and Noll (1965), "Whether the continuum approach is justified, in any particular case, is a matter, not for the philosophy or methodology of science, but for the experimental test".
The continuum theory of elasticity has been used for more than a century and has applications in many fields of science and engineering.
Mapping the development of anatomical knowledge over the continuum of medical training may yield valuable information about how theoretical basic science knowledge transforms into clinically applicable skills and practices [ 22].
"It spans the whole continuum of disciplines, whereas in academia 'multidisciplinary' means it spans the sciences only," says Malin, although, more and more, this is changing.
