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This yields another (perfect) continuous homologue of the Boolean functions B i (5) which we call normalized HillCubes, and thus defines also a new continuous ODE model.
As a test case a logical model is transformed into an extensive continuous ODE model describing the activation of T-cells.
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These results might question which of the two modeling frameworks, continuous ODEs or Boolean logic in combination with dynamical noise, accurately reflect cellular dynamics?
These compact expressions are in good agreement with numerical solutions of corresponding continuous ODEs and for stochastic simulations executed at literature parameter values.
When stochastic simulations are run using parameters scaled by a factor of 50 to give K A = 1, however, the period is shorter and more variable than continuous ODEs or the analytical formulas (Fig. 7).
Trajectories generated using exactly these values, except with the Hill coefficient changed from 1 to 2 to reflect cooperative binding of transcription factors as dimers, are similar whether from the analytical approximate solutions to Eq. 5 derived below, the continuous-time ODE solution, or the corresponding stochastic dynamics for discrete particle numbers (Fig. 2).
Time-continuous models (ODE-based or stochastic) entail more biological detail and model parameters are readily interpretable.
The overarching theme, guiding the development of in silico modeling and simulation tools, is developing models based on continuous-deterministic ODEs or using stochastic simulation algorithms (SSA) for approximating the chemical master equation, which capture the temporal evolution of the biological process dynamics.
Two modeling methods were chosen to simulate the behavior of the designed multi-enzymatic logic AND gate network: ODE continuous approach and HSim discrete approach.
A key strength of the toolkit formed by CellNOptR, CNORdt, CNORode and CNORfuzzy is that it covers multiple logic modeling formalisms (Boolean steady-state, Boolean multiple steady-state, Boolean time courses through synchronous update, steady-state constrained fuzzy logic and continuous logic-based ODEs).
From this Boolean model a continuous model is built up consisting of ODEs of the form Where (9) The right-hand side of the above ODE consists of two parts: an activation function and a term for decay as in (2).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com