Sentence examples for continual mutation from inspiring English sources

The problem is that continual mutation within what little of the tumour remains usually throws up resistant cell lines, and so most patients see their tumours rebound between six and nine months later.

It has been shown that in the young families, the sequences and biological functions of Alu remain comparatively intact, whereas the sequences of the old families such as FAM and AluJo are no longer intact and some have even lost their functions owing to continual mutation during evolutionary history.

Once established in the population, the virus undergoes continual small mutations that can affect recognition of the HA molecule that is the principal target of antibodies.

As Montaigne remarked (in "On Vanity") 450 years ago: "And when shall I have done representing the continual agitation and mutation of my thoughts?" Montaigne didn't need to know, but a novelist should.

Otherwise a continual accumulation of mutations would lead to deleterious effects and loss of fitness.

Because the continual input from mutations seems unlikely to account for the presence of levels of additive genetic variation for fitness as high as those documented here [ 31], our study suggests that sources other than mutation contribute to additive genetic variation.

Consistent, directional change requires the continual addition of new variation (by mutation at the population level, by speciation at the species level).

Most forms of selection reduce the amount of genetic variation within populations, which may be counteracted by the continual emergence of new variation via undirected mutation and recombination.

The lower effective recombination rate intensifies hitchhiking effects caused by selection at linked sites, including the continual elimination of deleterious mutations (Charlesworth et al. 1993; Kaiser and Charlesworth 2009) or the spread of advantageous ones (Smith and Haigh 1974).

Specifically, as a tissue ages and accumulates deletions, it is unknown whether this increased deletion load arises through clonal expansion of an existing pool of mtDNA deletions (early acquisition), continual accumulation of new mutations (late acquisition), or an equilibrium of both processes (Khrapko, 2011).

Therefore, when there are continual shifts in selective pressure, mutations acting in opposite directions and mutations of large effect should be more common.