The contingent valuation method (CVM), which is based on stated preferences, consists in valuing the informal care hour at the 'price' the carer would be willing to pay (WTP) to reduce caregiving time by one hour - or would be willing to accept for increasing this time by one hour [26],[26].
The other variety is a contingent or "dynamic" strike, which is based on real-time emerging intelligence from the air or the ground.
In addition, some industries, including most retailers, sign leases with so-called contingent rents, which are based on a percentage of sales.
In particular, EPA regulations, which are based on existing laws and are not contingent upon Chinese reductions of emissions, are "ineffective as a bargaining tool to get China to act," he says.
Calculation of EARs is also contingent upon accurate HES data and ONS mid-year population estimates which are based on estimation of changes since the 2001 census.
"We will pull out a quarter of our contingent, which is to say 1,000 soldiers, between now and the end of 2012," Sarkozy said in a speech to French troops at a base near Kabul.
One of the shortcomings of this procedure is that the median is contingent upon the particular sample on which it is based [ 50, 51].
The dichotomous-choice contingent valuation method is based on random utility theory, which assumes that choices are based on a comparison of the utility of the available alternatives, with the alternative providing the highest utility being the preferred choice [ 27].
68 However, critical evaluation of the evidence on which this proposition is based suggests that the contingent negative variation does not index interval timing mechanisms, but rather expectation, response preparation, or decision-making processes that are time dependent.
