One of the basic traits of the concept of vulnerability is the need to analyze the relationship between system and environment regarding contingent occurrences (shock) or rather slowly developing changes leading to unsafe conditions (continuous stressors).
Previous studies of epistasis within a molecule have shown that interactions among mutations constrict the number of passable evolutionary trajectories through sequence space and make the outcomes of evolution contingent upon the prior occurrence of permissive mutations (Weinreich et al., 2006; Bridgham et al., 2009; Podgornaia and Laub, 2015).
Bi-conditionals are rendered true by a great variety of "links" (but 'being rendered true by' is not to be conflated with 'postulating'): contingent co-instantiation or co-occurrence is not enough for reduction, even though it is enough for some bi-conditionals to hold (and, therefore, for some pairs of possible theories to instantiate the official Nagel model).
Alcohol use results in a considerable range of diseases, the occurrence of which is contingent upon three factors: lifetime cumulative volume consumed; patterns of drinking; and drinking contexts [ 4, 5].
A condition subsequent means that a previously binding contract will end upon the occurrence (or non-occurrence) of the contingent act or event.
Divine activity is not the only possible way of understanding the character of the universe, its contingent existence, the unconditional claims of morality, or the occurrence of religious experiences and "miracles".
Specifically, this study addressed the question whether the occurrence of the bystander effect in the case of violence is contingent on the victim belonging to a participant's in- or out-group.
In the network of contingent evolution, only four character pairs showed strong evidence of contingent evolution, where the occurrence of one state change was highly contingent upon the background state of the other (Z-score >95%; Figure 4c, Additional file 1: Figure S4).
To further benchmark our findings, we also estimated the expected distribution of repeated adaptive evolution if its occurrence was unrelated to the phylogenetic separation of taxa (i.e., historically contingent effects on the outcome of adaptation were absent).
The July disclosure clarified that, despite his divestment, Kushner still held a contingent right in the project — in other words, a financial interest that would vest upon the occurrence of an agreed upon event.
