For otherwise, either some contingent proposition would follow from a necessary proposition (which is impossible), or there would be an infinite regress in contingent propositions (in which case no contingent proposition would ever be known).
In addition, the proposals would bar contingent fees in which Wall Street firms, accounting firms and tax boutiques set their prices to how much tax is saved.
One major conundrum in the evolution of communist states is the contradiction between their rigid, centralising doctrines, and the contingent way in which their politics and government often evolved.
Mr Huffaker suggests a "contingent market", in which farmers sign contracts with power generators or other water users to sell a fixed amount of their water rights during low-flow years.
The conventional application of ecosystem valuation relies heavily on methodologies such as contingent valuation, in which individuals are asked to express the value they attach to ecosystem goods and services in social isolation.
This paper departs from traditional views of reclamation by highlighting the highly variable and contingent ways in which new science-based forms of water management were proposed and negotiated in specific local places with particular cultural, legal, and historical geographies.
Thinking of our genetic identities flexibly, gene by gene, level by level, region by region, with criteria for grouping examined and made explicit, fits well with the contingent way in which people describe their own ethnicity, ancestry, nationality, phenotype, family ties and genetic legacy.
The price cap proposed by the town manager is a type of contingent agreement, in which a range of "If this happens, then we do this or that" promises are added to a negotiated contract to reduce risk in the face of real-life uncertainty about the future.
The two sides may be able to bridge this value gap by structuring an earnout a contingent agreement in which the buyer pays a fixed amount up front, with subsequent amounts paid depending upon the firm's future performance under new ownership and the entrepreneur's continued management.
By departing from the geographical and scalar perspectives typically applied to environmental histories of the West and its reclamation landscapes, this 'microgeographical' approach promises a fresh perspective that emphasizes the highly contingent ways in which science-based water policy was implemented in multiple and complex environments.
