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From up close, election campaigns appear to be messy and contingent affairs that pivot around individual characters and tactics.
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Yet how our animal urges express themselves is a strongly cultural and contingent affair.
But it suffices for being an error theorist to hold that the non-instantiation of moral properties is a merely contingent affair.
As he put it to Beauvoir: "What we have is an essential love; but it is a good idea for us also to experience contingent love affairs".
And my taking care of my intimates is an essential part of this intrinsically valuable state of affairs: it is not merely a contingent matter that I, rather than others, am better placed to promote it.
Chisholm takes these to be two different states of affairs; each of them existing necessarily; neither of them depending for its existence on the existence of any contingent thing.
For Aristotle, it is not a contingent state of affairs that S's mind does not realize the form being a tree frog in the way that tree frogs themselves do.
They are the properties of a thing that may or may not be present, and if actually present, they are causally the result of some contingent state of affairs.
Scotus takes it as an obvious fact that there are contingent states of affairs which could have not been at that very moment of time at which they are (Ord. I.2.1.1 2, 86).
Then, where x and y are both essentially omnipotent, and s is some contingent state of affairs that is within the range of omnipotence, x can make y impotent with respect to s (and vice versa).
The actuality of a contingent state of affairs at a specified future time does not exclude the non-temporal possibility of simultaneous alternatives, nor does the truth of a proposition about this state of affairs make it necessary (Glossae super Peri hermeneias IX.520 577; Peter of Poitiers, Sententiae I.7.133 43, I.12.164 223, I.14, 328 353).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com