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These are emotions that are produced by a reinforcer, and depend on the reward contingency (delivery or omission) and on the type of reinforcer.
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Initial exposure to nicotine produced a short-lived bradycardia that in subsequent sessions was replaced with a longer-lasting nicotine-induced tachycardia; neither effect was related to the behavioral contingency of nicotine delivery.
The new secretary of state for work and pensions, Damien Green, said in a written statement that the latest change to the UC schedule was a prudent planning move which enabled the Department for Work and Pensions to add "contingency" into the delivery programme.
While CCRIF is designed to support governments in providing enhanced assistance to affected populations, ARC may in addition need to consider contingency plans and national delivery mechanisms to ensure timely response and effective assistance for the needy (ARC 2014a).
Inclusion of the NO-GO condition, which includes a contingency but no reward delivery, provides a novel test of whether activation observed during recognition of GO stimuli is reward dependent.
In short, a contingency is arranged between shock delivery and leg extension so that Master rats exhibit an increase in flexion duration that lasts throughout the training session.
Skinner [44] referred to such responses as "superstitious," reasoning that animals learn false contingencies between responses and food delivery.
The Board of Education has known about the investigation for nearly six months, and has been working on a contingency plan to ensure that food delivery to the schools would not be interrupted, board officials said yesterday.
A poll undertaken by IMRG (Interactive Media in Retail Group) – a community of e-retailers including Amazon, Tesco and other big names – suggested that 60% of them have full contingency measures in place to safeguard delivery of packets and parcels.
In addition, it would be also fruitful to empirically investigate effective contingency plans for early or late delivery of the products in various market segments (e.g., fast, mass, luxury, men's, women's, etc).
If mailing an application, it is up to the applicant to ensure that all applications are received by 4pm on the day of the submission date taking into account delivery times and other contingencies.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com