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Both formulations are applied to model the security criteria solving both pre- and post-contingency constraints simultaneously.
The classical DC-based formulation has been reformulated in order to include the security criteria solving both pre- and post-contingency constraints simultaneously.
This section presents a simplified and tractable dynamic gas network formulation with pre- and post-contingency constraints (4) and (5) respectively.
Multi-factor decision analysis, or multi-criteria decision analysis as it's more commonly known in academia, is an approach that is intended to force hard thinking about the alternatives, contingencies, constraints, etc., to promote good decision-making.
All eyes, not just those of humans, are influenced by historical contingency and constraints, and moreover once adaptation has begun down a particular path for example, in the formation of a camera-type, compound, or pinhole eye it can be very unlikely for evolution to reverse course and change to a different avenue.
The concepts of "chance", "contingency" and "constraints" allow the original theory to be stretched to fit cases outside of its narrow proper domain.
However, as a general theory of evolutionary causes, the "forces" view is insufficient, and this insufficiency is not remedied by adding chance, contingency and constraints, which are vague explanatory principles, not causes.
The result of this study provides yet another example of how natural selection generates complex morphologies and functions by tinkering with previously available structures [ 47], and further reinforces the important roles of historical contingency and constraints in canalizing potential solutions to a given evolutionary problem [ 48].
Otherwise, [13, 14] show security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) models that account for the reliability of the integrated system by adding pre- and post-contingency transmission constraints to the unit commitment (UC) problem.
Contingencies are time constraints (through commitment to multiple ventures) and network "maintenance" effects.
For the proposed formulation, the pre- and post-contingency transmission network constraints have been modeled using only the power generation as decision variables.
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