Sentence examples for contingency changes from inspiring English sources

These regions also showed increased activity to errors in the absence of contingency changes.

Nevertheless, it is possible that quinpirole-treated rats were particularly inflexible and unresponsive to the specific contingency changes expressed during this single phase of the task.

The semi-self-paced reward reversal learning task requires subjects to learn a stimulus-response association by reward and punishment and to reverse their response when the stimulus-reward contingency changes unexpectedly.

The advantage of this strategy may be that they explore the environment more actively and appear to learn more quickly initially, but they fail to learn new rules when the contingency changes because of their inability to stay on task.

This result converges with previous findings that HCs perform better after contingency changes, but not during initial discrimination learning, compared to subjects with SUDs (Ersche et al., 2008) and to subjects with damage to the OFC (Rolls et al., 1994).

We expected ADs and PGs to show impaired reversal and extinction learning performance as compared to HCs due to OFC dysfunction in these disorders as well as evidence of maladaptive responding to reward and punishment and inflexibility following contingency changes in some of our previous studies (De Ruiter et al., 2009; Goudriaan et al., 2005).

Rats were then tested on four consecutive sessions of a new task with the instrumental contingency changed to an omission schedule: a nosepoke response to the stimulus light, or within the 2 s limited hold period, cancelled the reward and triggered a 5 s timeout period.

Studies investigating response reversal consistently implicate regions of medial and lateral prefrontal cortex when reinforcement contingencies change.

As predicted, treated animals largely failed to adapt efficiently when the task's contingencies changed following platform reversal.

Moreover, in a more general setting, contingencies change slowly with a greater or lesser volatility [27].

Thus, the EEA was anything but a stable condition; in fact, as environmental contingencies changed, so did adaptive solutions.