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While some researchers found autonomic fear reactions only in contingency-aware subjects, others reported activation of the fear-network independently of contingency awareness [40], [97], [98].
It is already well established that under most conditions, contingency awareness is important for an EC effect to occur.
Outcomes included indices of pain-related conditioning such as unconditioned stimulus (US) expectancy and contingency awareness, self-report and physiological measures of pain-related fear, evaluative judgements of conditioned stimulus pleasantness, and muscular and cortical responses.
Finally, although stress reactivity was reduced after training, contingency awareness did not yield a differential effect on stress reactivity measured using both self-reports and skin conductance, within and across sessions.
Although 10 of 11 participants developed contingency awareness (expectancy), we found no conditioning of pain intensity, pain unpleasantness, or flare using a within-subject repeated measures design (ps>.05).
Tabbert et al. (2006) explicitly investigated the effect of contingency awareness.
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Although it is not possible to plan for all contingencies, awareness of potential pitfalls may help to avoid some of the factors that contributed to the extended study duration in these programmes.
When we can predict the consequences of our actions, as in a high action-effect contingency block, the awareness of action reflects these predictions.
MPH, as an indirect dopaminergic agonist, could conceivably lead to an effect on error awareness, contingency evaluation and thus to modified PINV-amplitudes: An increased ERN caused by stimulants could be found in adult patients [ 32], however, the intake of MPH had no effect on the ERN amplitude in another study by Groen et al. [ 6].
Their art wasn't really about activating a particular space, or unpacking a particular process; it was about generating an overarching awareness of contingency in the world, transforming the usual subject-object relationship into something more profound and inclusive.
After a severe and deadly strain of swine flu emerged in Mexico City in 2009, the local government put in place a series of prevention strategies to remedy the lack of awareness and contingency strategies for this unknown virus.
Write better and faster with AI suggestions while staying true to your unique style.
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com