Antarctica's continental-scale ice sheets have evolved over the past 50 million years1,2,3,4.
The end-Ordovician witnessed one of the three largest Phanerozoic glaciations with the development of continental-scale ice sheets5,6,7.
Throughout the Quaternary, continental-scale ice sheets expanded and decayed on at least eight occasions in response to major climatic oscillations in high latitudes.
This finding implies the existence of substantial ice volume in the Aurora subglacial basin before continental-scale ice sheets were established about 34 million years ago1,2,3,4.
This framework, driven by glacio-eustatic cycles tied to the evolution of polar continental-scale ice sheets over west Gondwana5, enables the correlation of eustatic cycles at a level that is beyond the resolution capability of most absolute dating methods and of biozones, the latter typically of Myr duration4.
The modeling results show that recharge and discharge conditions in the talik can shift in time, while the lake and active layer conditions in the studied catchment are independent of catchment-external landscape features, such as the unfrozen groundwater system below the permafrost and the nearby continental-scale ice sheet.
These continuous continental-scale ice sheets, 3 km or more in thickness, cap much of the polar and subpolar land masses.
The destruction was on a continental scale".
Instead, conservation must be done on a continental scale.
Professor Gordon readily acknowledges the implausibility of winning that One Big Union on a continental scale.
The focus is on the continental scale utility market.
