Additionally, for European panel, we find the existence of bidirectional causality between innovation and per capita economic growth (RDE <=> GDP), while in the context of Greece, per capita economic growth does not Granger-cause innovation (RDE <#> GDP).
Additionally, for Romania, and the European panel, there is bidirectional causality between innovation and per capita economic growth (RRD <=> GDP), while in the context of Greece and Sweden, per capita economic growth does not Granger-cause innovation (RRD <#> GDP).
We observe that the probability of job loss is highest among young people living in a context of less favourable GDP per capita (in particular, when GDP per capita is below 20,000 euros).
Moreover, for countries like Finland, Germany, and the UK, and the European panel, there is bidirectional causality between innovation and per capita economic growth (HTE <=> GDP), while in the context of Austria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Greece, and Poland, per capita economic growth does not Granger-cause innovation (HTE <#> GDP).
Additionally, for countries like Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, and Sweden, we observe bidirectional causality between innovation and per capita economic growth (STJ <=> GDP), while in the context of Czech Republic, we find that per capita economic growth does not Granger cause innovation (STJ <#> GDP).
Additionally, for countries like Denmark, Hungary, Ireland, Portugal, and the UK, and the European panel, we find bidirectional causality between innovation and per capita economic growth (PAN <=> GDP), while in the context of Italy, and Poland, we find per capita economic growth does not Granger-cause innovation (GDP <#> PAN).
Existing control room staff will become employees of Capita.
Crop diversification, following intercropping and agroforestry, has been reported to be a potential alternative for enhancing per capita (unit area and time) productivity in the context of shrinking land holding and increasing human and livestock population (Swaminathan 2001).
In the context of the HDI, I pointed out 15 years ago that by aggregating GDP per capita with life expectancy the HDI implicitly put a value on an extra year of life, and I showed that this value rises from a very low level in poor countries to a remarkably high level in rich ones (4-5 times GDP per capita).
It seems, however, that, in the context of growth and development, the main beneficiaries were younger children, since until 2003 the per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was below 50% of the EU average [ 9].
