But Mr. Obama's conservative critics aren't really contesting his interpretation of the past.
Compared with the people around him, he was a theological conservative, more interested in spreading the message of the Bible than in contesting its interpretation.
Already, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority is operating under -- and contesting the interpretation of -- a federal court consent decree that could require it to buy hundreds of new buses to improve its aging and crowded fleet.
Williams does not contest that interpretation.
But this week a conference of Catholic associations in the Umbrian town of Todi ended with some leaders suggesting they wanted a new, broadly based cabinet (Mr Berlusconi contests this interpretation of what they said).Yet however much Italians may want him out, the only people who can force him to go are the deputies in parliament.
(And if we cannot experience that sequence, or we experience something else instead, then we can seek to redescribe, refine, or contest his interpretation for ourselves).
As we have previously reported, LRE modeling contests this interpretation, predicting instead that the presence of a log-linear region is a result of an exponential loss in amplification efficiency [7].
Participants are offered the opportunity to peruse their own interview transcript and the narrative proforma, in order to validate or contest our interpretation of their story and to offer any further thoughts that have occurred to them since the interview.
After the publication of Orientalism set off a firestorm of criticism from every angle of the east-west divide, Said declared, in a retrospective essay, that "the orient-versus-occident opposition was both misleading and highly undesirable; the less it was given credit for actually describing anything more than a fascinating history of interpretations and contesting interests, the better".
Frankly, I have been expecting reviewers to contest my new interpretations, not pity me for recycling.
