But the labor union as a political-organizational vehicle suffers a fundamental flaw: unions bundle political organization with collective bargaining, a highly contested form of economic organization.
Yet technical assistance (TA) is a blurry and contested form of development assistance; the development sector is far from having a common theory about how these advisers affect change in developing countries and what they can realistically hope to achieve.
There is a chance this could be a good thing for South Africa - that a clumsy consensus that served the country well in the years after apartheid is no longer fit for purpose, and that a more nuanced, contested form of democracy may now take over.
"This should be contested," she said.
To date, scholarship addressing Victorian pseudoscience tends to focus either on a particular popular science within its social context or on how mainstream scientific practice distinguished itself from more contested forms.
Of the 37 incidents that involved violence, 30 occurred in the dry and bitterly contested region formed by Israel and its neighbours, where the upper end of the Jordan river was hotly disputed, and skirmished over, before Israel took control in the 1967 war.
In 2011 alone, two new, hotly contested academies were formed within Serbia, one for Bosniaks the ethnic group also referred to as Bosnian Muslims, who form a minority in Serbia and a majority in neighboring Bosnia and Herzegovina and one for the Roma people, also known as Gypsies.
This analysis suggests that policy declarations of digital skills 'shortages' are problematic, since they overlook the contested and shifting forms of enablement and constraint that labour practices involving digital technologies give rise to.
This underlying distress and insecurity among these men can be seen as a sign of a situation where the traditional hegemonic masculinity is contested, allowing new forms to evolve to maintain a certain power (im balance.
The Belarusian Popular Front, which formed a political party to contest the 1994 elections, bitterly contested Parliament's course and accused it of failing to deal with major issues.
On one level, to speak of the Western world as "secular" is, as the philosopher Charles Taylor notes, to say that "belief in God, or in the transcendent in any form, is contested; it is an option among many; it is therefore fragile; for some people in some milieus, it is very difficult, even 'weird'" (Taylor: 2011, 49).
