In that case the court ruled that under the due process clause, an American citizen detained as an "enemy combatant" on American soil has a constitutional right to a hearing to contest the legal basis for his detention.
Justice O'Connor, along with Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justices Kennedy and Breyer, said that Mr. Hamdi, picked up on the battlefield in Afghanistan, had a due process right to a "meaningful opportunity" to contest the factual basis for his detention.
In the case Yaser Esam Hamdi vs. Donald H. Rumsfeld, the U.S. Supreme Court even ruled that "a citizen held in the United States as an enemy combatant [must] be given a meaningful opportunity to contest the factual basis for that detention before a neutral decisionmaker".
Leeds, as a club, meanwhile, will contest the charge on the basis that, given financial penalties levied in similar cases, they feel it is disproportionately large.
Ernest A. Logan, executive vice president of the principals' union, the Council of Supervisors and Administrators, said the union was likely to contest the bonuses, on the basis that Mr. Levy had not used consistent, objective standards.
That circumstance prompted some of the widow's relatives to contest the will on the basis that he had exerted undue influence.
Following a delay, the Government announced in April 2005 that it would contest the case on the basis of advice from the Attorney General that it would prevail.
The professor thinks that loss of American hope is hard to contest on the basis of surface evidence.
"The invitation to violence arises because partisanship in its most intense forms contests the very basis of a political community," the political scientist Russell Muirhead has observed.
