As Douglas Laycock of the University of Texas puts it, the lower court "created the worst of both worlds: the prayer is imposed on people who object and the state is censoring the content of the prayer".
Puritanism ranged from hostility to the content of the Prayer Book and "popish" ceremony, to a desire for church governance to be radically reformed.
The majority affirmed language in a prior 1983 opinion, Marsh v. Chambers, that "the content of the prayer is not of concern to judges" if "there is no indication that the prayer opportunity has been exploited to proselytize or advance any one, or to disparage any other faith or belief".
The contents of the prayer would be contingent upon the results of a vote that each respective school would hold.
The court also ruled on Wednesday that all of the expert testimony used during the initial trial to evaluate the content of the punk prayer will stand, denying the defendants' request to use alternative independent expert analysis.
The detail and content of the grass-roots prayer meetings is new.
Kappenman, raised Roman Catholic and still bearing respect for his religion's moral teachings, does not confide in me the content of his prayers.
In the lead up to his Saturday fight with Philadelphia's Danny Garcia, I asked the "The Ghost" about his faith and the content of his prefight prayers.
Second, they asserted that any requirement that localities monitor the content of prayers so as to make them, in effect, non-denominational, was itself constitutionally impermissible.
At present, the chief priest of a shrine pronounces the norito on behalf of the worshipers, and the contents and wordings of the prayer may vary.
