While the Research Impact Framework provides a simple, practical approach to developing research impact narratives, it is important to recognise that these narratives are generated and assessed in the context of historically rich and complex, often contending, views on the role of science and its relationship with society.
In fact, even the "Melian Dialogue" itself provides us with a number of contending views.
Advocates resist calling attention to the coexistence of contending expert views –- far more certain than I am that lay audiences translate such conflicts into justifications for procrastination.
And once that happens, he contends, the view won't be as rosy.
But, Mr Taylor contends, this view fails to take into account the battle's significant impact on the Germans' thinking.
The government contends this view makes mincemeat out of other provisions of the ACA and contradicts the law's very purpose of providing affordable health-care to "all".
Ramsey and Somin argue that officials in other branches of government must obey judicial decisions invalidating their laws or policies and must follow the rules laid down in those decisions in similar future cases; Paulsen and Whelan reject this view, contending that no government officials are actually bound by the views of any of the others.
Lord Black has disputed that view, contending that payments to individuals for pledges not to compete are commonplace in the publishing industry.
The Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers took the opposite view, contending that the report showed that fuel-economy issues were so complex that they would have to be handled by the Transportation Department.
The lawsuits take another view, contending that it was the beginning of a relationship that ultimately increased the power — and paychecks — of a small group of executives at the expense of unwitting dairy farmers.
Even as Mr. Putin was hailing the election, European monitors were taking a different view, contending that there had been "a clear abuse of power and a clear violation of international commitments and standards".
