Cordeiro et al. [48] proposed a scheme named contention-based path selection (COPAS) to handle the problem of channel contention by forwarding the data and ACK packets through different least-contended paths.
Therefore, at each state all the previous Δ t,j→i 's are accumulated, and where there are contending paths, the path with the largest accumulated cost is eliminated.
Eliminate contending paths at each node.
The cost for determining one Euclidean distance is therefore given by (31) (3) Eliminate contending paths at each node.
For the last few states in the trellis the contending paths are also eliminated, until only one possible path remains at stage t = N.
The min-sum algorithm allows for the elimination of more costly contending paths at each state on a trellis, thereby greatly reducing the computational complexity due to complete enumeration.
To eliminate more costly paths at each state in the trellis at time t, the cumulative cost function Δ = ∑ t = 1 P Δ t m in (4) is calculated for all possible paths leading to the said state up to time t, where the cost of the contending paths are compared, and the path with the highest cost (corresponding to the lowest probability), is eliminated.
To select the least-contended routes, COPAS monitors the paths continuously for channel contention and diverts the traffic towards the least-contended path.
Still, it was a narrow demographic, and in a letter to The Times in 1961, Robert Abbott contended that the paths "are greatly underused" because of the cost of hiring a horse, then $5 per hour, and suggested that they be paved over and transferred to bicycle use.
However mind-boggling alchemy, it is no less baffling that the simpler, often quoted and religiously revered theory of the horseman C. V. Whitney, who contended that the surest path to the winner's circle was "breeding the best to best and hoping for the best"- advice the owners of Rachel and Zenyatta have clearly followed.
Some advisers, among them Mr. Murphy, have been pushing him to attack Mrs. Clinton, contending that the path to victory is to portray her as such a loathsome figure that she cannot win 50percentt of the vote.
