Contemporary dose-escalated radiation therapy is already highly effective, making it imperative that ongoing and future studies of hypofractionation be performed in carefully designed, randomized clinical trials.
Emerging clinical experience with contemporary dosing regimens shows a safety and efficacy profile similar to urokinase but with significantly reduced drug costs.
Most of contemporary dose-seeking phase I trials remain guided by the "modified Fibonacci sequence" (about 50%, Table 1).
However, this data does provide good insight into the PK/PD exposures of vancomycin that occur with contemporary dosing approaches.
Although the evidence base is incomplete, specific roles for rATG in organ transplant recipients using contemporary dosing strategies are now relatively well-identified.
This study demonstrated that contemporary dosing of fluconazole causes a significant proportion of patients not achieving PK/PD targets because of PK variability.
Pharmacology studies assessing antibiotic levels in patients undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) with contemporary dosing found that antibiotic levels were inadequate for up to 75% of the antibiotics tested [ 18].
Our results concur with the conclusions of many guidelines or reviews that 5 10 mg folic acid is enough, and higher doses do not offer any additional benefit even with the contemporary doses of MTX used in RA (such as 25 mg per week).
No other study has assessed delayed CNI with a more contemporary rATG dose, but a recent randomized trial (published only in abstract form to date) assessed both CNI- and steroid-sparing immunosuppression in a population of 100 SPK transplant patients [ 174].
Optimal MMF dosing in patients maintained on contemporary low-dose CNI is still undetermined.
We also sought to determine whether contemporary fluconazole doses achieve PK/PD target in this cohort of ICU patients.
