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This intervention is specifically targeted at individuals in the contemplation phase of the TTM, i.e. individuals considering change even though they may be ambivalent about changing.
Third, the review suggests that effective interventions for those in the precontemplation or contemplation phase are those undertaken in familiar community settings and delivered by appropriately trained lay individuals.
For any intervention to be effective, knowledge of adverse effects is essential as it facilitates the progression of a person from pre-contemplation to contemplation phase of the behavioral cycle, where the decision for action (reduce exposure to SHS or quitting smoking) can be taken [ 13].
A smoker in the contemplation phase is characterised by ambivalence, he/she simultaneously considers and rejects the idea of changing, oscillates between worry and lack of worry as well as between the motivations to change or to continue without changing, and intent to change is established in the long-term without specifying when [ 9].
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Inclusion criteria will include smokers ≥18 years in the pre-contemplation or contemplation phases described by Prochaska and DiClemente.
Smokers in contemplation or pre-contemplation phase will be included in the study.
Participants' intention to change health behaviour suggested that for some risk factors participants were in a pre-contemplation phase, having no short- or medium-term plans for change.
In keeping with the phases of change concept [ 32] we can say that the tolerator might be considered to be in a pre-contemplation phase.
Conversely, if the motivation level is low – i.e. pre-contemplation phase according to Prochaska's model [ 92] – the need for hospitalizations resulted to be higher [ 32].
A smoker in the pre-contemplation phase is someone who is not aware that he/she has a problem or thinks he/she is not able to change, does not see his/her behaviour as a reason for concern, and does not consider changes within the next 6 months.
In the contemplation stage, patients ambivalently think about therapeutic change.
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