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The authors disclose cross-over between treatment groups resulting in contamination bias [42].
Given that follow-up lasted 2 years, this may have led to contamination bias and cross-over.
Importantly this leads to a degree of cross-over and contamination bias [42], as a third of participants in the operative group underwent up to 2 weeks non-operative management before surgery.
In contrast, the bias of non-hydrolysis is mostly relevant for analyses at the RNA level (e.g., RNA-seq, or GRO-seq), whereas the mRNA contamination bias is specifically relevant for GRO-seq experiments or other experiments at the pre-mRNA level.
This reduced contamination bias [ 26].
This will overcome concerns of contamination bias.
Secondly, two situations may cause contamination bias.
Cluster randomization was applied to avoid contamination bias [ 13].
Clusters were designed in order to carefully prevent healthcare workers form cross-ward contamination bias.
A cluster design was chosen for pragmatic reasons and to avoid contamination bias.
16 We chose a cluster randomised design for practical reasons and to avoid contamination bias.
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