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The EPA's National Water Quality Inventory Report suggests that about 53% of the assessed rivers are impaired, and a majority of them are contaminated by pathogens (U.S. EPA [2012a]).
Fresh vegetables can become contaminated by pathogens as Salmonella at any point during the food production process.
To prevent mice in gut microbiota studies from being contaminated by pathogens from the surrounding environment, they are usually housed in clean facilities, such as in SPF conditions, where hygiene is strictly controlled.
Moreover, health care workers' white coats remain a controversial subject, supposedly protecting the patient during central venous catheter manipulations, but highly contaminated by pathogens for most of them (about a quarter positive for SA).
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Water used for the washing of the fruits can be contaminated by the pathogens while acting as the source of the internalization of the pathogens through the lenticels, stomata and the injured parts (Reina et al. 2002).
The route of exposure to these pathogens may be during direct contact with sewage sludge or indirectly by consuming drinking water or food contaminated by these pathogens.
Another study, published in January, found tube wells in Bihar to be contaminated by faecal pathogens about 18% of the time, when they weren't far enough from pit toilets.
Large outbreaks of this disease typically occur in overcrowded areas with poor sanitary conditions or due to food or water that is contaminated by the pathogen [ 5- 14].
The results showed that many meat samples were contaminated by examined five pathogens.
Sometime, humans have to use water contaminated by disease vectors, pathogens, or improper concentrations of toxins (William and Frank 2000).
Surface water ponds were inundated and contaminated by salts and pathogens, resulting in a severe shortage of safe drinking water [24].
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