C. pasteurianum strains were grown anaerobically at 37°C in 2 × YTG medium (16 g l−1 tryptone, 10 g l−1 yeast extract, 5 g l−1 glucose, and 4 g l−1 sodium chloride, pH 6.3) (Sigma-Aldrich; St .Louis, Missouri, United States) within an anaerobic containment chamber (Plas-Labs; Lansing, Michigan) containing an atmosphere of 5% CO2, 10% H2, and 85% N2.
containing an atmosphere of approximately 98% N2 and 2% H2.
After cold incubation, part of the cells were washed with cold HBSS, supplied with cold cell culture medium and rewarmed to 37°C in an incubator containing an atmosphere of 5%CO2/95%% air for 3 h.
We cultured HPDE cells in complete keratinocyte serum-free medium supplemented with 50 μg/mL bovine pituitary extract (BPE), 5 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (EGF), and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic mixture (Gibco/Invitrogen, Rockville, MD) at 37oC in a humidified incubator containing an atmosphere of 5% carbon dioxide/95% air.
Bacteria isolates, previously selected as described above (partially identified as pertaining to Lactobacillus genus), were cultured in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe broth (MRS, Difco, Detroit, MI, USA) after inoculation with 1% of a fresh stationary culture and incubated in an anaerobic chamber (Forma Scientific Co., OH, USA) containing an atmosphere of 85% N2, 10% H2 and 5% CO2).
To determine viable counts, expressed as colony forming units (CFU), 0.1 mL of the appropriate dilution was added to molten MRS agar (MRS-based broth supplemented with 0.05% cysteine, 0.1% Tween 80, and 2% dextrose) by pour plating and incubated for 48 h at 37°C in a glove box anaerobic chamber containing an atmosphere of 80% N2, 10% H2, and 10% CO2 (Praxair, Quebec, QC, Canada).
And both factors are important for gauging the effects of the solar wind on Earth, Titan, and other solar system bodies that contain an atmosphere of nitrogen.
was used that contained an atmosphere of H2 (3% v/v) and N2 (97%).
Cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 or Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (Gibco-BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA), supplemented with heat-inactivated 10% FBS (Gibco-BRL) and antibiotics (100 U/ml penicillin and 100 μg/ml streptomycin), and maintained at 37 °C in an incubator containing a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2.
The cells were incubated for 18 h in RPMI-c in an incubator containing a moisture atmosphere and 5% of CO2 at 37°C [ 14].
P. falciparum parasite strains 3D7, Dd2, and HB3 were routinely cultured in human O+ erythrocytes (NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK) at 5% hematocrit in complete medium containing 10% human sera, under an atmosphere of 1% O2, 3% CO2, and 96% N2 (BOC, Guildford, UK).
