Only 2 genes in our up-regulated cluster contained IREs that could potentially mediate increases in steady state mRNA levels.
Interestingly, of these genes, only the Dmt1 and Tfr genes contained 3' IREs, suggesting that analysis of transcriptional regulatory regions could be a fruitful approach to identify common regulatory mechanisms.
When the Leverkusen coach, Roger Schmidt, claimed that it had been a "a fair game without bad fouls" Tuchel could barely contain his ire.
But even patient Romans could not contain their ire following the unveiling of the city's official Christmas tree, a sad-looking fir in the centre of Piazza Venezia that was dubbed the "austerity tree" for its minimalist decor.
GliNS2 glioma cells were transfected with the construct containing Cx43 (Ires-Cx43) or with the empty vector (Ires) by electroporation using Neon Transfection System Life Technologiess) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Thus, these cells were transfected with increasing concentrations of the construct containing Cx43 (Ires-Cx43) or with the empty vector (Ires).
TfR1 mRNA contains multiple IREs within its long 3′UTR, whereas the mRNAs encoding H- and L-ferritin contain a single IRE in their 5′UTRs.
All these mRNAs except that encoding one splicing form of DMT1 – which contains an IRE-like structure in its 3' UTR and is upregulated by iron deficiency (Ref. 54) – have one IRE in their 5′ UTR and are therefore regulated at the translational level (Fig. 1), although the extent of regulation varies between different transcripts (Ref. 55).
Plant IRE1 homologs contain an IRE-like receptor configuration with a stress sensor luminal domain at the N-terminus, a transmembrane segment, and C-terminal kinase and ribonuclease domains.
Recent studies have suggested that the tissue specificity is due to the special combination of ALAS2, which contains a 5′ IRE, and FPN1b, which lacks a 5′ IRE (32); these two transcripts are simultaneously expressed only in erythroid cells, where activation of IRPs would be expected to cause unique effects.
