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These coatings varied in roughness (Ra between 0.2 and 3.8 nm) and contained up to 35 at.% C. All coatings were substoichiometric (with an N/Si ratio from 0.27 to 0.65) and contained incorporated particles (so called droplets).
All time course microarray experiments were conducted with three replicates; for every experiment, cDNA from the experimental genotype contained incorporated Cy3-labeled dUTP and cDNA from the reference sample contained incorporated Cy5-labeled dUTP.
Microarray comparisons using RNA derived from sex determination hierarchy mutants were conducted with four replicates, with a dye-swap design; i.e. cDNA from each genotype contained incorporated Cy3-labeled dUTP in two experiments and contained incorporated Cy5-labeled dUTP in the other two experiments.
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Importantly, the main alumina-based layer of the coating contains incorporated silicon and phosphorus species of differing distributions.
Ultimately thin monomolecular ordered stable polymeric nanocomposite films containing incorporated ligand-stabilized Au101 nanoclusters were formed and characterized by STM and transmission electron microscopy techniques.
The general composition of the passive layer can be described by an outer CuOCu(OH 2 layer overlying a Cu2O barrier layer, which contains incorporated nickel cations.
Two-layered films have been identified, comprising an inner relatively pure Ta2O5 layer, adjacent to the metal/film interface, and an outer layer containing incorporated PO43− anions.
In this study, poly vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels designed for osteochondral regeneration containing incorporated ALP were mineralized with calcium phosphate (CaP) and magnesium phosphate (MgP) by incubation in solutions of 0.1 M calcium or magnesium glycerophosphate (CaGP, MgGP).
Consequently, a double-layered porous alumina consisting of a thick outer layer containing incorporated HPO32− anions, and a thin inner layer without anions was constructed via phosphonic acid anodizing.
With a higher value for this upper limit an additional hydrous oxide component (which may contain incorporated sulphate species) was produced the reduction of the latter yielded a second cathodic peak at ca. 0.2 V (rhe).
For tantalum oxide formed in dilute phosphoric acid, the anodic oxide forms as two chemically distinct layers, referred to as a bi-layer, where the inner layer is pure tantalum oxide and the outer layer contains incorporated phosphate.
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