"Wage and employment increases have fueled consumption, the expansion in infrastructure and real estate construction has driven investment upward, and net exports are once again contributing positively to economic growth," the fund said.
Specific mechanical energy consumption, radial expansion, specific volume and product texture were determined on each extrudate sample, and the viscosity of the dispersion from extrudate flour was measured at different solids concentrations.
Air pollution worldwide has been a consequence of increasing energy consumption, urban expansion, population growth, and vehicle use, which have compounded due to relatively low investments in emission control and processing technology.
The financial crisis, he said, was "attributable to inappropriate macroeconomic policies of some economies and their unsustainable model of development characterized by prolonged low savings and high consumption; excessive expansion of financial institutions in blind pursuit of profit" -- and other excesses.
"The bottom line is that activity is still expanding; however the export-lead growth will have to be replaced by a consumption-driven expansion, which is not really shaping up," said Dominique Barbet, senior economist at BNP Paribas.
Instead, the urban equations predict a world of ever-increasing resource consumption, as the expansion of cities fuels the expansion of economies.
The goal is to reduce diesel fuel consumption by adequate expansion of wind power supply.
The government also used tax breaks and other incentives to boost consumption, while the expansion of consumer credit increased the size of the domestic market.
During periods of full employment, any increase in government expenditures not offset by an equivalent decline in private spending for consumption or business expansion will be inflationary.
If so, it will be the first time in more than a decade that the contribution of consumption to economic expansion has outweighed that of investment.
The worry is that this may clobber consumption before economic expansion is assured a hard risk to ignore, since the government made just this mistake in 1997.
