Allele frequencies in Caucasians recruited to donate blood to the HLA-typed archive (n = 298) are shown in Table 3. HLA allele genotypes and frequencies were submitted to the AFND and are available for free consultation (population named 'England North West (ENW)' [ 34].
We were able to interview 82 ICP indigents identified from the CSPS consultation registers; the reference population for this latter group is unknown because the ICPs did not systematically record the users' names and addresses.
Residents referred to psychiatric consultation at least once were 112 (14.5% of the reference population).
5 6 7 Many have focused on techniques for behaviour change that are applied to individuals in particular contexts (for example, primary care consultations) or populations (for example, people with a family history of type 2 diabetes).
Planning and coordination between EHOs and CBHOs based on principles of health equity; Training of medics (10 months), MHWs (8 months), and CHWs (6 months); Support and monitoring once every 6 months with a review of log records and data; Referral to high-level care; as well as Assessment and evaluation of health workers' performance, field consultation, and population-based surveys.
The threshold rate for baseline- and epidemic-level ILI activities has recently been revised: the baseline threshold is lower from 50 to 30 consultations per 100,000 population while the epidemic threshold has been decreased from 400 to 200 consultations per 100,000 population [ 32].
This is used to estimate the rate of ILI consultations in the population of England as a whole.
Mean numbers of consultations according to population characteristics together with results of the bivariate analysis are presented in Table 2.
50 The subsequent challenge for quality improvement programmes and research is to further explore and evaluate how to develop interventions which can be embedded within primary care systems and consultations to improve population outcomes while preserving patient-centred care.
One study involving a hospital in the United Kingdom during 2 influenza seasons (1993 94 and 1996 97) showed that although the number of ILI-associated medical consultations in the population increased markedly during the outbreaks, they did not affect absences from work of hospital staff (15 ).
