"They construe them as new".
But it would be a mistake to construe them as hollow".
I mean only to impart certain things appealing to me as facts, leaving those that come after to construe them as they will.
Not only is the theory radically incomplete if it were completed, it would reduce a huge number of obviously valid arguments to invalidity by construing them as equivocal.
But once we see that that is their function, the temptation to construe them as invoking psychological states (intentions, desires and so on) is evidently misguided.
And it seems unfair to accuse feminists who raise worries about such forms of sexism as themselves sexist, by construing them as negatively assessing some culturally abstracted form of femininity.
In particular, essentialist accounts of kinds seem to construe them as immutable or static, whereas examples from the natural sciences include mutable and dynamic kinds, as we see in section 2.1 below.
The issues here are complicated and controversial — particularly issues about the proper understanding of 'theoretical reduction.' However, if Explanatory Exclusion applies to reason explanations of action, construed as causal, we have a very general incentive for searching for a workable philosophical account of reason explanations that construes them as non-causal.
In the Sophist, kinds designated by negations, such as the not-large and the not-beautiful, have their own distinctive feature (not-large, not-beautiful), and one might construe them as forms, though the Stranger does not explicitly identify them as such (Sophist 257e 258c).
Although the two views are not incompatible (Ayer denied that moral claims were assertions, and the redundancy of the truth-predicate held only for assertions) the tension between the two is symptomatic of the worry that moral claims have so many of the features of truth-evaluable assertions that one has to be unjustifiably revisionist in construing them as non-meaningful.
