In the case of microarray studies, that often focus on the identification of differentially expressed genes or the construction of outcome prediction rules, this means that almost all studies report at least a few significant differentially expressed genes or a small prediction error, respectively.
As for PPPs, particularly for the construction of hospitals, outcomes are clearly negative for the tax payer.
Other major problems were change in the definition of the composite outcome between the abstract, methods, and results sections (13 trials); missing, ambiguous, or uninterpretable data (9 trials); and post hoc construction of composite outcomes (4 trials).
The construction of the outcome and explanatory variables, and of the variables used to balance the sample, is described in Table A3.
Their key task is the construction of the counterfactual outcome, when the evaluation problem is the measurement of a treatment effect in the presence of non-random selection into treatment.
Variables used in the construction of each dependent outcome were not used as independent variables in the regression analysis for that particular control model.
Only when the prerequisite conditions are met, the principle of fairness and the voice of people may significantly affect the social construction outcome of property rights.
We will, therefore, discuss in the following text whether the level of decentralization can influence the social construction outcome of property rights protection.
Figure 3 presents a schematic overview of this strategy for the construction of prediction models and evaluation of outcomes.
The construction of TransMilenio was the outcome of a long decisional process, in which economic factors and planning issues took a relevant part in the technical and political evaluation of two viable alternatives: a subway network or a BRT system (Ardila-Gómez 2004).
