The girder construction elements were assembled with bolted butt joints.
Nowadays, since thermal insulation, enhanced mechanical properties and durability have become extremely important in construction elements.
NBR-14432 presents prescriptive recommendations for minimum fire resistance time of construction elements.
The indoor environment of these buildings crucial to conserving construction elements and movable artefacts.
This can be addressed by constraining the optimisation method to only use standard construction elements.
The results demonstrated the feasibility of using these materials to produce structural and non-structural construction elements.
Fracture behaviour of polyolefin fibre reinforced concrete (PFRC) has proved to be suitable for structural design in construction elements.
Validations are showed for different types of building construction elements viz., low, medium and heavy thermal capacity elements.
The displacement in time of the construction elements of the cathedral were measured and recorded using non-destructive methods.
This paper evaluates the potential of fly ash based geopolymer cement for large scale additive manufacturing (AM) of construction elements.
External coatings of walls are the most exposed construction elements, and, consequently, the first ones needing maintenance, repair, rehabilitation or replacement.
