Structural systems are subject to uncertainties due to variability in many hard-to-control noise factors, which include external loads, material properties, and construction workmanship.
The experimental, numerical and analytical works conducted in this study indicate that the snow could be trigger of the collapse, but not alone the main reason for this situation, with the combination of inadequate section properties, faulty design and workmanship errors during construction.
The lower floors of the Wei-guan Golden Dragon building pancaked on top of each other in the quake and then the whole structure toppled, raising immediate questions about the quality of materials and workmanship used in its construction in the 1990s.
The building's lower floors pancaked on top of each other in the 6.4 magnitude quake and then the whole structure toppled, raising immediate questions about the quality of materials and workmanship used in its construction in the 1990s.
In the proposed methodology, the variables defining the quality of construction, workmanship and exposure conditions are treated as fuzzy variables.
However, Gjørv (2011) pointed out that design, materials used and workmanship are very important factors in achieving good quality construction which will enhance durability of concrete.
It should also be highlighted that the lessons learnt from the catastrophic consequences of recent earthquakes, revisions in the seismic design code, and the developments in the material and workmanship characteristics are mandatory for significant improved quality of newer constructions in Egypt.
A 2004 academic study estimated that 9 in 10 construction workers had no training, and a sheaf of news reports show that shortcuts are common, sometimes involving shoddy materials and workmanship as well as corruption.
Most entrees showed thought and workmanship.
"Customers recognize the purity and workmanship".
Ishihara had a low opinion of American manufacturing and workmanship.
