A contemporary challenge in smart city environments is to improve solution efficiencies by constructing systems of systems where isolated domains are seamlessly combined to render integrated services to stakeholders and end users.
The construct of system of innovation is therefore complex and dynamic and is characterised, at each level, by the emergent features of CAS (Carlisle and McMillan 2006; Holland 1993).
Nevertheless, Marburg theory denies philosophy any "speculative" task of seeing or knowing things that are beyond experience, of constructing systems of ideas that are not immanent in the facts of human knowledge, action, or production.
Furthermore, health systems are embedded in a social and political context and the complex social construct of health systems must consider international, national, sub-national and local arena and their intersections.
Static problem-solving, as assessed in PISA 2003, is a three-dimensional construct, consisting of system analysis and design, trouble-shooting, and decision-making; but these subdimensions are also highly correlated (r = .73 .93) (Leutner et al. 2012).
International, national, sub-national and local levels necessary for a complex social construct of health systems (Sheikh et al. 2011) are adequately schematized in the five levels of our framework.
Bionics, science of constructing artificial systems that have some of the characteristics of living systems.
The depressing reality is that the Dominican state is 10 years into a process of constructing a system of legal apartheid for Dominicans born to Haitian parents.
With the approach of Carleman's formula and Joel H Shapiro's construction, we could construct dense systems of functions from which the chaos of the solution semigroup follows.
Due to the high cost of constructing these systems, composite pavements are limited to less than 1%% of the paved roads in the US [60].
