Two Nile tilapia genetic maps were constructed, for QTL mapping and for selection purposes, of which the latest contains 538 microsatellites and 21 gene markers [ 14, 15].
Initially, a map was constructed for each mapping population, where LGs were defined with the "group" command with a minimum LOD score of 4.0.
Since 2009, two rice RILs have been accurately genotyped using high-throughput techniques based on whole-genome re-sequencing and ultrahigh-density linkage maps were constructed for QTL mapping [ 40, 41].
A huge maize-teosinte BC1 population of 1749 individuals was constructed for fine mapping of QTL associated with domestication, and resulted in identification of hundreds of QTL for 22 traits [ 14].
Linkage maps were then constructed for the four mapping parents separately.
During the data preparation stage a database was constructed for landslide factor maps and landslide inventory map.
Some combinations were constructed particularly for mapping purposes and are still used for teaching and for rapid localization, some for manifestation of a particular phenotype, some strains for transferring a particular region or for complementation analysis.
The transcript map constructed for eight LGs spanned a total map length of 782.8 cM with an average inter-marker distance of 6.12 cM (Supplementary Table S4).
With the exception of the maps constructed for Norway spruce and white spruce from F1 mapping populations [ 9, 11] and the map constructed for black × red spruce hybrids from F1 and BC1 mapping populations [ 12, 13], all other maps were constructed for single trees from the segregation of a small number of markers in haploid megagametophytes.
Out of 27 maps constructed for temporal click rate parameters (3 hemispheres, 9 parameters), 20 maps exhibited significant local functional clustering.
This map possesses the highest marker density among all the genetic linkage maps constructed for any aquaculture species.
