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Thereby, the final construct was measured with only three questions.
The marketing capability construct was measured using the scale developed by Vorhies and Harker (2000).
The performance construct was measured by the average price of milk reported over the previous 2 years.
In this study this construct was measured with the following question: "Is there a friend, relative, or neighbor who could assist you for a few days if necessary?".
Entrepreneurial Social Norms: The construct was measured by two mixed subcontracts including social image of the entrepreneurs and national attitude toward entrepreneurship.
According to Planinic et al. (2010), item parameters differed considerably between a predominantly non-Newtonian and a predominantly Newtonian sample, which should not have occurred if the same construct was measured in both samples.
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Measurement invariance (MI, also called measurement equivalence) means that a theoretical construct is measured in the same i.e., equivalent way in two or more groups.
Thus, the DHI-N is considered responsive in the construct being measured, but a real change must exceed measurement error.
According to the Rasch model, useful measurement is obtained when a unidimensional construct is measured by locally independent items [ 30].
Another important dimension of ecological validity is assuring that the elicited behavioral responses represent someone's natural behaviours and are appropriately related to the construct being measured.
This construct is measured using four main dimensions, namely natural surveillance, access control, territoriality and exterior maintenance.
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