Sentence examples for construct a counterfactual from inspiring English sources

Why not construct a counterfactual in which Lincoln got lucky because one of the generals he wanted to fire disgraced himself?

The kernel-based matching (KM) method uses a weighted average of all farmers in the adopter group to construct a counterfactual.

(2017) we construct a counterfactual series for the overall LTU share in which the weights of different groups formed by crossing age, gender, education, and nationality in unemployment are allowed to change in accordance with the actual data, while the group-specific LTU shares are fixed at their pre-crisis values in 2008Q3.

For instance, for the job-separation rate, we construct a counterfactual unemployment (tilde {u}^{EU}_{t,i}=uleft (hat {lambda }_{t,i}^{EU},bar {lambda }_{i}^{EI},bar {lambda }_{i}^{UE},bar {lambda }_{i}^{UI},bar {lambda }_{i}^{IE},bar {lambda }_{i}^{IU}right)) and measure its contribution by (frac {Covleft (tilde {u}_{t,i},tilde {u}^{EU}_{t,i}right)}{Varleft (tilde {u}_{t,i}right)}).

While traditional matching algorithms use only a few observations from the comparison group, kernel matching uses weighted averages of all individuals in the control group to construct a counterfactual population of controls matched to the study population of patients with diabetes.

The method constructs a counterfactual which allows analyzing how size (productivity) of a firm would have evolved if it had not received a productivity (size) shock.

We leave this question, of high policy relevance but which requires additional assumptions in order to construct a proper counterfactual, to future research.

Since the latter is unobservable, we need to construct a proxy counterfactual for the missing data.

Thus, we can test for the effects of fiscal policy by constructing a proper counterfactual allowing us identification.

We construct a detailed set of proxies for inventors' counterfactual incomes in each possible destination country including, among others, measures of patent quality and technological fit with each potential destination.

In subsequent work, described in Section 4.4 below, Salmon attempted to construct a version of the CM model that completely avoids reliance on counterfactuals.