Sentence examples for constraints to evolution from inspiring English sources

Beyond improvements to restoration and management, studies of evolutionary responses during restoration could be useful for studying constraints to evolution (Antonovics 1976; Blows and Hoffmann 2005) or for identifying candidate genes for specific traits of interest (Hoffmann and Willi 2008).

To assess the strength of genetic constraints to evolution we calculated the angle between the vector of selection and the predicted response to selection (Δ z ¯ ) (Smith and Rausher 2008) as θ = cos − 1 (Σ (Δ z β ) Σ Δ z Σ β ) 180 π.

Our results provide evidence for relatively modest genetic constraint to evolution, particularly as a result of genetic covariances between traits.

We were interested in directly assessing the relative contributions of effects mediated by the translation rate and intrinsic structural-functional constraints to the evolution rates of protein sequences.

Teplitsky et al. 's (2014) analysis suggests multivariate constraints to the evolution of morphological traits in wild avian populations, but this appears to be due to antagonistic selection on positively genetically correlated traits.

Our aim in this study was to use multivariate techniques to assess the potential for genetic constraints to the evolution of four life history traits in a wild population of red deer (C. elaphus) on the Isle of Rum, Scotland.

The chapters evaluate some of the major constraints to understanding/acceptance of evolution in a multi-factorial way.

The outcome of these studies provide constraints to understand the evolution of the Earth-Moon system and inner solar system (e.g., Lucey et al. 2006; Stöffler et al. 2006).

In the case of GPCRs, it emphasizes the usefulness of rare mutational events, such as indels or mutations of residues with strong structural and/or functional constraints, to infer the evolution of protein families.

These results provide a detailed investigation of genetic constraints to life history evolution in a wild population of red deer.

Behavioural syndromes may either indicate constraints to the independent evolution of behaviours or suites of functionally integrated behaviours favoured by selection [ 12], i.e. coping strategies.