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1) The power balance constraint using loss sensitivity.
It is developed for the compliance minimization with a volume constraint using the Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO) method.
This is achieved by obtaining a suitable terminal cost and terminal constraint using a saturating control law as local controller.
The solid solution was set to precipitate under kinetic constraint using a rate constant calibrated from the experimental data.
where the value of the Lagrange multiplier λ can be obtained from the average power constraint using numerical methods.
In order to satisfy the guillotine cutting constraint using these approaches, when the pieces are non-rectangular, practitioners implement a two stage approach.
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The second type of head constraint used was drawdown of head at a specific location.
We adopted 0.10 × 1011 electrons/m3 as the continuity constraint used in this study.
The single constraint used in Sagawa et al.'s method is given in this form.
The adjusted accuracy constraint used for the next iteration is defined such as.
We performed RAxML analyses with or without the topological constraint used in the BEAST analyses, retaining Welwitischia in both cases.
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